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Important inventions
Dutchman Conraad
Van Houten invented how to separate cocoa butter from cocoa mass in 1828.
First chocolate
bars were probably produced by english company Fry´s from Bristol in 1847.
Swiss Daniel
Peter invented milk chocolate in 1875.
Swiss Rodolphe
Lindt invented conching process in 1879.
Séchaud Fils
from Montreaux in Switzerland produced first filled chocolate in 1913.
First white
chocolate was manufactured by swiss company Nestlé in 1930´s. It was called
Galak. |
Kinds of chocolate
DARK Chocolate
Cocoa mass,
Cocoa butter, sugar, (lecithin, vanillin or vanilla ). Good chocolate should
contain at least 50% of cocoa solids. If it is less it is wrong and too
sweet. Cocoa content vary between 35 - 99%.
MILK Chocolate
Cocoa mass,
Cocoa butter, Sugar, Milk, (lecithin, vanillin or vanilla ). Good chocolate
should contain at least 30% cocoa solids, usualy between 14 -25% milk solids.
Cocoa 18 - 55 %.
WHITE chocolate
Cocoa butter,
sugar, milk, (lecithin, vanillin or vanilla ). Good chocolate should contain
at least 25% cocoa solids, 25% milk solids. Cocoa solids 18 -30%.
COMPOUND
Chocolate
Cocoa powder,
vegetable fat, sugar, milk, (lecithin, vanillin ). This product does not
too much to do with chocolate. There is no cocoa butter and usually very
little of cocoa ( 1 to 10%) and doesn´t taste nice.
FLAVOURED
chocolate
Dark, milk
or white chocolate flavoured by coffee, mint, orange, banana, caramel,
strawberry or rum aroma.
AERATED
chocolate
Dark, milk
or white chocolate with air bubbles.
SUGARFREE
chocolate
It doesn´t
contain sugar but other sweeteners like aspartam, maltitol or fructose.
ORGANIC
chocolate
Made by raw
products from small farmers, bio
chocolate
with ADDITIVES
Contains also
nuts, raisins, cereals, jelly pieces, dried fruits etc.
FILLED
chocolate
Fantasy of
chocolate producers is neverending, there are hundreds of fillings used
for chocolate bars
most frequented
are milk, cocoa, nut, yoghurt or caramel fillings
fondant fillings
( usually fruit flavour) - contains sugar , syrup and aroma
liquid fillings
with spirits |
Quality of chocolate
There are
different food standards in almost every country.
Since 1999
there are new united standards for chocolate in EU. Chocolate in EU may
contain up to 5% of vegatable fats. Chocolate producers must state on label
the percentage of cocoa solids in chocolate.
In Switzerland
dark chocolate must contain at least 35% of cocoa solids and milk chocolate
at least 25% cocoa solids and at least 14% of milk solids.
In USA milk
chocolate must contain at least 10% of cocoa mass ( in USA called chocolate
liquor) and 12% of milk solids. Chocolate must not contain other vegetable
fats that cocoa butter.
Sweet chocolate
- at least 15% cocoa mass
Bittersweet
chocolate - at least 35% cocoa mass
Chocolates
with high content of cocoa became popular in 1990´s in Europe. Dark chocolates
contained 40 - 60% of cocoa solids in past. Now there are many chocolates
with 70 - 85% at market and some producers have even 99% chocolate bar! |
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